Toxcity of Local Anesthetics Central Nervous System Sign and Symptoms Effect of Potency Rate of Injection Acid Base Status Cardiovascular System Inotropy Peripheral Vascular System Cc/cns Ratio Ventricular Arrhythmias Pregnancy Resuscitation Miscellaneous Methemoglobinemia Allergy Local Tissue Toxicity
نویسنده
چکیده
When properly given, local anesthetics are generally free of side effects. However, systemic or localized toxicity occurs with accidental intravascular injection or by injecting excessive doses (especially intrathecally). Additionally, other adverse effects occur with certain agents, e.g., allergic reactions to the amino-esters, and methemoglobinemia with benzocaine and with high doses of prilocaine.
منابع مشابه
Cardiovascular Toxicity of Local Anesthetics
In general, much greater doses of local anesthetics are required to produce cardiovascular (CV) toxicity than CNS toxicity. Similar to CNS toxicity, potency for CV toxicity reflects the anesthetic potency of the agent. Recent attention has focused on the apparently exceptional cardiotoxicity of the more potent, more lipid-soluble agents (bupivacaine, levo-bupivacaine, etidocaine, ropivacaine). ...
متن کاملCardiovascular toxicity of local anesthetics: an alternative hypothesis.
The current study examined the possibility that high local anesthetic concentrations within the central nervous system could contribute to the toxic cardiovascular effects observed clinically after an accidental intravenous injection. Equal numbers of molecules of lidocaine (1.6 microliter of a 2% solution) and bupivacaine (1.0 microliter of a 4% solution) were injected at three vasomotor and c...
متن کاملRecent advances in local anaesthesia.
In general, the cardiovascular system is more resistant to the toxic actions of local anaesthetics than is the central nervous system. However, if sufficient doses and blood levels of local anaesthetics are achieved, signs of profound cardiovascular depression may be observed. Differences exist between local anaesthetics in terms of their relative potential for cardiotoxicity. The CC/CNS ratio ...
متن کاملCentral nervous system and cardiac effects from long-acting amide local anesthetic toxicity in the intact animal model.
With the development of the newer long-acting amide local anesthetics,ropivacaine and levobupivacaine, numerous animal studies of LA systemic toxicity have emerged. Because of the complex nature of the human response to LA intoxication, the task of designing and interpreting these animal studies of LA toxicity can be difficult. Accordingly, this report will review the selection of an animal mod...
متن کاملCardiovascular collapse from low dose bupivacaine.
Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic agent that is very widely used for cutaneous infiltration, peripheral nerve blocks, epidural anesthesia, and spinal anesthesia. Well-described cardiotoxic effects of bupivacaine and other members of its class include dysrhythmias, hypotension, and depression of cardiac output. The minimum IV dose of bupivacaine previously associated with significant...
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